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KS4 Plant Exchanges & Transport
Learning Objectives
B3.1.3 Exchange systems in plants
Pupils should:
- Know that in plants:
- carbon dioxide enters leaves by diffusion
- most of the water and mineral ions are absorbed by roots.
- Know that the surface area of the roots is increased by root hairs and the surface area of leaves is increased by the flattened shape and internal air spaces.
- Know that plants have stomata to obtain carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and to remove oxygen produced in photosynthesis.
- Know that plants mainly lose water vapour from their leaves. Most of the loss of water vapour takes place through the stomata.
- Evaporation is more rapid in hot, dry and windy conditions.
- If plants lose water faster than it is replaced by the roots, the stomata can close to prevent wilting.
- Know that the size of stomata is controlled by guard cells, which surround them.
- Be able to analyse and evaluate the conditions that affect water loss in plants
B3.2.3 Transport systems in plants
Pupils should:
- Know that flowering plants have separate transport systems:
- xylem tissue transports water and mineral ions from the roots to the stem and leaves
- the movement of water from the roots through the xylem and out of the leaves is called the transpiration stream
- phloem tissue carries dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant, including the growing regions and the storage organs
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