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Year 7 Light & Sound Learning Objectives
Pupils should know:
1. that in the same substance, light travels in a straight line and at a fixed speed.
2. that the speed of light in air/vacuum is 3 x 108 m/s
3. that light is energy
4. that light spreads out as it travels from a source thus becoming dimmer
5. that shadows are formed because light cannot pass through objects and also light travels in a straight line
6. that the size of the source affects the shadow
7. that an umbra is the absence of light
8. that a penumbra is a reduction in the amount of light
9. how solar and lunar eclipses are formed
10. that light travels faster than sound so we see things before we hear them
11. that luminous objects give out light; that we see non-luminous objects because they scatter light to our eyes
12. that light can be reflected at flat mirrors and when it is the angle of incidence = angle of reflection
13. the use of i = r in periscopes, etc.
14. that in reflection an image is virtual
15. that in reflection the image is laterally inverted
16. that in reflection from a plane mirror the object size = image size
17. that in reflection from a plane mirror the image to mirror distance = object to mirror distance
18. how to locate an image in a plane mirror by drawing ray diagrams
19. that sound is made by objects that vibrate
20. that the frequency of vibration of the source is measured in Hertz (Hz)
21. how sound is made in different musical instruments
22. that a vibrating source causes the layers of air around it to move
23. that sound travels by compressing and expanding the surroundings
24. that sound travels as a longitudinal wave
25. that sound travels best through solids and worst through gases because of the arrangement of the particles
26. the relative speed of sound in different mediums
27. that sound waves cannot travel through a vacuum because there are no molecules
28. that sound waves detected by the ear cause the ear drum to vibrate
29. the structure of the ear
30. how sound is transmitted through the ear to the brain
31. that different people have different ranges of hearing
32. that the average human range of hearing is 20 to 20,000 Hz
33. that loudness is measured in decibels (dB's)
34. that 0 dB is the threshold of hearing and 130 dB's is the threshold of pain whilst 140 dB's causes damage
35. that loud sounds can have permanent and temporary effect on the ear
36. that some common causes of ear damage
37. that noise is unwanted sound
38. that the level of noise can be reduced by controlling the source, absorbing the sound, blocking the sound, reflecting or scattering the sound, destroying the sound by interference
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