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Year 7 Cells & Exchanges Learning Objectives

Pupils should be able to:

• Describe the seven life processes common to all living organisms (MRS GREN).
• Explain that all living organisms are made up of one or more living cells anddescribe how cells form tissues, organs, organ systems and organisms.
• Describe that individual cells are relatively small and may often only be seen using a microscope.
• Explain how a light microscope works, calculate magnification, name the key parts and explain their functions. (to include objective lens, eyepiece lens, fine focus, coarse focus, stage, light source, diaphragm, barrel or ocular tube, slide, slide clip and frame.) 
• Safely prepare specimens of tissues for microscopic examination such as onion epidermis using simple stainingtechniques.
• Explain that animal and plant cells have several similar features (nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm) and several differences (cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuole). Be able to describe how these features allow the cell to function.
• Explain that some of the life processes take place within individual cells (respiration and photosynthesis).
• Explain that by being multi-cellular, larger organisms such as plants and animals are able to develop tissues made from cells that have specialisations (muscle, bone, nerves etc).
• Name, locate and describe the structure and function of the tissues, organs and organ systems of a human and a flowering plant (geranium). Explain how increased cell size and cell division produce growth of an organism.
   
• Explain that cells need nutrients such as proteins and minerals for growth and carbohydrates for energy. These substances need to be transported to and from the cells.
• Describe the process of diffusion.
• Describe ways in which some cells, including ciliated epithelial cells, sperm, ova (eggs) and root hair cells are adapted to their function.

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